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成考专升本英语词汇与语法部分十一
第十一节强调句、倒装句、省略句15-1
强调句型由“It is（was）+被强调的成份（主语、宾语、状语）+ that”构成，当被强调的主语表示人时，that可以用who替代，谓语在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。
It is he who speaks English fluently.
It was not until midnight that he went to sleep last night.
句子在以下场合往往用倒装的句序：
2.以so， nor， neither引导的省略句。
如果前一个句子是肯定句，后边用so来引导倒装，这种句子是部分倒转：助动词+主语+正常语序。如果前一个句子是否定句，后边用nor或neither引导，结构同so.倒装句在时态上应与前面的句子保持一致，助动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。
I like watch football matches， so does my brother.
If you won't go， neither will he.
My sister doesn't like potatoes， nor do I.
3.“only+状语（从句）”，否定或具有否定意义的词位于句首作状语或引导状语从句的句子。
Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.
Not only did he show himself as a good student， but he also proved himself a good athlete.
Scarcely had I sat down when I heard the telephone rang.（scarcely…when=as aoon as）
Hardly had he arrived in the city when he heard the bad news.
No sooner had he come home than he was asked to start on another journey.（no sooner…than=as soon as）
Little did I know about the matter.
In no way can theory be separated from practice.
1. I visited Zhangjiajie last summer. Never in my life ______ so beautiful a place like that.
A. I had seen B. did I see C. have I seen D. I shall see
2. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.
A. Little they realize B. They little do realize
C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize
3.“Someone ate my cookies.”
“Well， I didn't and _______ Alice.”
A. neither was B. nor did C. neither D. nor was
4. _______ the words to the songs， but he also composes（作曲） the music.
A. He also writes B. Although he writes
C. Not only does he write D. Even if he writes
5. No sooner ______ than the jeep started off.
A. his luggage was loaded B. had his luggage been loaded
C. loaded his luggage D. his luggage was being loaded
6. Scarcely had he gone out ________.
A. that it started to snow B. that it started to snow
C. when it started to snow D. and it started to snow
no sooner……than；scarcely……when；
A. Nor do I B. Neither do I C. Either do I D. So do I
8. No sooner _______ got to the station than it began to rain heavily.
A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have
9. ________， Mr. Brown couldn't keep the shop properly.
A. As he worked hard B. As he worked hardly
C. Hard as he worked D. Hardly as he worked
10. Hardly _______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
11.“Eric didn't want to miss the class.”
A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. No
12.“Jane has certainly been working hard.”
A. So have her brothers B. So her brothers have
C. Her brothers have too D. So have been her brothers
（1）so， neither， nor引导的省略句。
考生应注意省略句中助动词的选择，其时态往往由前面的句子决定，单、复数由其后面的主语决定。
1.Distrust can be contagious（传染的）。 But so can trust.
2.John is learning Spanish. _______ his sister.
A. So does B. Neither is C. Nor does D. So is
3.Man cannot live by bread alone， nor/ neither can he live without bread.
4.He has never been to London， nor/ neither have we.
（2）“only+状语或状语从句”、否定或具有否定意义的词作状语或引导状语从句位于句首。
1.Only if you have a receipt ________ change the goods.
A. we can B. will we C. we do D. we will
only if：只要，只有用于句首，后接从句，主谓倒装>** B
2.Never before _________ seen such beautiful clothes designed by such a young lady.（** B）
A. he has B. has he C. have he D. he have
3. Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain.
4. Not until the game had begun _________ at the sports ground.
A. he arrived B. did he arrive C. he didn't D. would he arrive（** B）
“Will you join us？”“I'd love to”
“I'm hungry.”“Are you？”
“What did you buy？”“A dictionary.”
I'll buy the tickets if you want me to.
I meant to write to you， but forgot to.
He majors in French and I in Russian.
They tried to help her， but in vain.
Look out for cars when crossing the street.（look out当心）
To criticize like him one must be as wise.
5. do有时用于省略句中，替代上文出现的动词及其宾语。如：
Computers are supposed to save time， but I'm not so sure they do.（save time）
They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
You're not supposed to play football in the classroom.
“The old house belongs to the Greens.”
“Oh， no， ________.”（** C）
A. it mustn't B. it hasn't C. it doesn't D. it didn't
省略句常运用于是常对话的上下文中。如I think so， I'd love to， I'm afraid not等。句型“Why not…？”以及动词do也常在考核点之列，考生应注意Why not后面接动词原形，而动词do或其过去式常可以用来代替上文中的动词及其宾语、表语。
1.Why not ________ as she likes？
A. let her to do B. letting her to do
2.“I'll ring her up when I go out to lunch.”
“Why not do it now？”（it代替的是ring her up）
3.She plays the piano better now than she did last year.
（did代替的是played the piano）
“I did.”（did代替的是broke the window）
专升本英语必备30个句型
1.be busy/enjoy/avoid doing sth.忙于/喜欢/允许做某事
例如：Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。
My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。He managed to avoid being punished.他设法逃脱了惩罚。
2.fill…with…用……装满……；be filled with……充满了……；be full of充满……
be filled with说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。
例如：The box is filled with food.盒子里装满了食物。
be full of说明主语处于的状态，此外，还可以表示程度，意为“非常”，例如：The patient’s room is full of flowers.那个病人的房间摆满了花。The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。
这两种结构还可以相互改写，例如：
I fill the box with food.＝The box is full of food.
3. be good/bad for有利于/有害于……
此句型是：be＋adj.+for+n.结构。例如：
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早**对你的健康有益。Always playing computer games is bad for your study.总玩电脑游戏对你的学习
4. be used to(doing) sth.习惯于后面必须跟动名词或者名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态，be可用 get,become来代替。
例如：He is used to living in the country.(He is used to the life in the country.)他习惯于乡村生活。
He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。注意：be used to do的意思是“被用来做”例如：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
5.both…and…两者都……用来连接两个并列成分，当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。
例如：Both he and his parents agree with the idea.不论他还是他父母都同意这一想法。
6.as…as和一样，中间必须用形容词或者副词原级。
例如：This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。否定结构：not as/so…as,“不如”，上面的两个句子可分别改为This classroom is not as/so as large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.他跑的不如汤姆快。
7. as soon as一就用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来时，
例如:I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。
8. can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不住笑
9. sth. costs **. some money某物花费了某人多少钱
此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原形一样。
The book cost me five yuan.这本书花费了我五元钱。10.either…or…不是……就是……，或者……或者……
用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
Either she or I am right.=Either I or she is right.不是她对就是我对。11.enough（for **.）to do sth.足够……做……
在此结构中，for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面可以走的程度。
12.feel like doing sth.想要做某事
此处 like为介词，后面跟动词-ing形式，此句型与 would like to do sth.同义。例如：
I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶。13.feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth.认为某事……
在此结构中 it为形式宾语，不定式短语做真正的宾语。例如：
I find it very interesting to play football.我认为踢足球很有趣。14.get ready for sth./to do sth.“为某事做准备”“准备做某事”
They are getting ready for the meeting.他们正在为会议做准备。
We were getting ready to have a sports meeting at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。
15.get/receive a letter from收到……的来信相当于 hear from例如：
Did you receive a letter from John?你收到约翰的来信了么？
I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。16.had better(not) do sth.（别）做某事
had better为情态动词，其后需要动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成’d better,
其否定形式是在其后直接加 not。例如：
We had better go now.=We’d better go now.我们现在走吧。
You’d better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风，你别出去了。17.have sth. done使（某事）完成（动作由别人完成）
We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
18. help **.(to)do sth./with sth.帮助某事(做)某事（to可以省略）例如：
I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。
Would you please help me(to)look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好么？
19. How do you like…?=What do you think of…?你认为怎么样？
How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样？
20. I don’t think/believe/that…我认为/相信……不……其中 not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定（否定前移）。例如：
I don’t think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。
I don’t believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。
21. It happens that…碰巧……相当于 happen to do例如：
It happened that I heard their seceret.=I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。
22. It’s/has been+一段时间+since从句“自从某时起做某事已经一段时间了”该句型中 since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:
It’s twenty years since he came here.他来这儿已经 20年了。
It has been six years since he maried Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。23.It is+adj./n.+for **. to do sth.做某事对某人来说……
it是形式主语真正的主语是不定式 to do sth.例如：
It’s not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。24.It is+adj./n.+of **. to do sth.“做某事某人真”
it是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语，当表语（即形容词）能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词 of而不用 for，表示某人具有某种性格、品质，例如：
It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25.It seems/appears(to **.)that…(在某人看来)好像……
此句中 it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：
It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。
26. It is+数词+meters/kilometers long/wide…“是多少米（公里）长（宽）”
用来表示物体的长（宽、高），如数词大于一，名词要用复数，例如：
It is 20meters long from this end to that end.从这端到那端有 20米长。
27. It’s time for **. to do sth.是某人干某事的时候了It是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语，例如： It’s time for the child to go to bed.孩子该睡觉了。
28. It takes **. some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人多长时间it是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语例如：
It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。
29. keep（on）doing sth.一直坚持做某事
keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词，keep on doing sth.“继续不停做某事”一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：
Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。
30. keep…from doing sth.阻止做某事
相当于stop…from doing sth. prevent from doing sth.在主动句中，stop和prevent
后面的 from可以省略，但在被动结构中 from不可以省略。例如：
Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。
河南专升本的英语的语法重点
考试重点：一般现在时（if从句和as soon as从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have（has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。
1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。
例：He goes to work every day.他每天去上班。
2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。
例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。
3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。
例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。
4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。
（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.
A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing（**：B）
（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.
A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated（**：C）
1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year等。
例：You've already missed too many classes this term.You _____ two classes just last week.
A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed
（**：A.有具体的时间状语要用过去时.
2、used to do sth：过去常常做…
例：I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）
1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。
例：He will come and help you.他会来帮助你的。
2、be going to+动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例：Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去听这个演讲吗？
3、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。
例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
4、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。
5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。
6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go,come, start, arrive， leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。
（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京。
（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight.外宾今晚到达济南。
四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。
例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.
1、表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。
例：The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。
2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。
例：I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个会议。
1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。
例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。
（1）I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.
A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played
（**：A。连接词when表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。）
（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.
A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking（**为B）
（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A. has slept B. were sleeping C.slept D. was sleeping（**为D）
3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。
例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。
1、表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, now, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。
（1）Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯已经关上了）
（2）I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。）
2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for引导的短语连用）。
（1）He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿已经三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）
（2）They’ve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续来往）
3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is+时间+since…..（过去时）
英语中有些动词不能延续，因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。
（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.
A. gone into B. joined in C. been in D. come into
（**：C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。）
（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai.我离开上海已经三年了。
（如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is+时间+since的句型代替，从句用过去时态。）
4、have（has）been to和have（has）gone to的区别
have（has）been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever连用。
have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。
（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地）
（2）He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。
1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。
例：About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.
A. invented B. had invented C. have invented D. had been invented（**：B）
2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。
例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on（**：A）
3、在含有before, after, as soon as等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。
例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。
4、过去完成时常用在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。
（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.
A. than B. when C. as D. while（**为A）
（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。
表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。
1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.
A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving（**：C）
2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A. shall finish B. must have finished C. have finished D. shall have finished（**：D）
表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。
例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A. was knocking B. am knocking C. knocking D. have been knocking（**：D）
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OK，本文到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。
今天给各位分享when引导的时间状语从句表将来的知识，其中也会对状语从句可以做表语吗进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！
成考专升本英语词汇与语法部分十一
第十一节强调句、倒装句、省略句15-1
强调句型由“It is（was）+被强调的成份（主语、宾语、状语）+ that”构成，当被强调的主语表示人时，that可以用who替代，谓语在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。
It is he who speaks English fluently.
It was not until midnight that he went to sleep last night.
句子在以下场合往往用倒装的句序：
2.以so， nor， neither引导的省略句。
如果前一个句子是肯定句，后边用so来引导倒装，这种句子是部分倒转：助动词+主语+正常语序。如果前一个句子是否定句，后边用nor或neither引导，结构同so.倒装句在时态上应与前面的句子保持一致，助动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。
I like watch football matches， so does my brother.
If you won't go， neither will he.
My sister doesn't like potatoes， nor do I.
3.“only+状语（从句）”，否定或具有否定意义的词位于句首作状语或引导状语从句的句子。
Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.
Not only did he show himself as a good student， but he also proved himself a good athlete.
Scarcely had I sat down when I heard the telephone rang.（scarcely…when=as aoon as）
Hardly had he arrived in the city when he heard the bad news.
No sooner had he come home than he was asked to start on another journey.（no sooner…than=as soon as）
Little did I know about the matter.
In no way can theory be separated from practice.
1. I visited Zhangjiajie last summer. Never in my life ______ so beautiful a place like that.
A. I had seen B. did I see C. have I seen D. I shall see
2. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.
A. Little they realize B. They little do realize
C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize
3.“Someone ate my cookies.”
“Well， I didn't and _______ Alice.”
A. neither was B. nor did C. neither D. nor was
4. _______ the words to the songs， but he also composes（作曲） the music.
A. He also writes B. Although he writes
C. Not only does he write D. Even if he writes
5. No sooner ______ than the jeep started off.
A. his luggage was loaded B. had his luggage been loaded
C. loaded his luggage D. his luggage was being loaded
6. Scarcely had he gone out ________.
A. that it started to snow B. that it started to snow
C. when it started to snow D. and it started to snow
no sooner……than；scarcely……when；
A. Nor do I B. Neither do I C. Either do I D. So do I
8. No sooner _______ got to the station than it began to rain heavily.
A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have
9. ________， Mr. Brown couldn't keep the shop properly.
A. As he worked hard B. As he worked hardly
C. Hard as he worked D. Hardly as he worked
10. Hardly _______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
11.“Eric didn't want to miss the class.”
A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. No
12.“Jane has certainly been working hard.”
A. So have her brothers B. So her brothers have
C. Her brothers have too D. So have been her brothers
（1）so， neither， nor引导的省略句。
考生应注意省略句中助动词的选择，其时态往往由前面的句子决定，单、复数由其后面的主语决定。
1.Distrust can be contagious（传染的）。 But so can trust.
2.John is learning Spanish. _______ his sister.
A. So does B. Neither is C. Nor does D. So is
3.Man cannot live by bread alone， nor/ neither can he live without bread.
4.He has never been to London， nor/ neither have we.
（2）“only+状语或状语从句”、否定或具有否定意义的词作状语或引导状语从句位于句首。
1.Only if you have a receipt ________ change the goods.
A. we can B. will we C. we do D. we will
only if：只要，只有用于句首，后接从句，主谓倒装>** B
2.Never before _________ seen such beautiful clothes designed by such a young lady.（** B）
A. he has B. has he C. have he D. he have
3. Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain.
4. Not until the game had begun _________ at the sports ground.
A. he arrived B. did he arrive C. he didn't D. would he arrive（** B）
“Will you join us？”“I'd love to”
“I'm hungry.”“Are you？”
“What did you buy？”“A dictionary.”
I'll buy the tickets if you want me to.
I meant to write to you， but forgot to.
He majors in French and I in Russian.
They tried to help her， but in vain.
Look out for cars when crossing the street.（look out当心）
To criticize like him one must be as wise.
5. do有时用于省略句中，替代上文出现的动词及其宾语。如：
Computers are supposed to save time， but I'm not so sure they do.（save time）
They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
You're not supposed to play football in the classroom.
“The old house belongs to the Greens.”
“Oh， no， ________.”（** C）
A. it mustn't B. it hasn't C. it doesn't D. it didn't
省略句常运用于是常对话的上下文中。如I think so， I'd love to， I'm afraid not等。句型“Why not…？”以及动词do也常在考核点之列，考生应注意Why not后面接动词原形，而动词do或其过去式常可以用来代替上文中的动词及其宾语、表语。
1.Why not ________ as she likes？
A. let her to do B. letting her to do
2.“I'll ring her up when I go out to lunch.”
“Why not do it now？”（it代替的是ring her up）
3.She plays the piano better now than she did last year.
（did代替的是played the piano）
“I did.”（did代替的是broke the window）
专升本英语必备30个句型
1.be busy/enjoy/avoid doing sth.忙于/喜欢/允许做某事
例如：Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。
My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。He managed to avoid being punished.他设法逃脱了惩罚。
2.fill…with…用……装满……；be filled with……充满了……；be full of充满……
be filled with说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。
例如：The box is filled with food.盒子里装满了食物。
be full of说明主语处于的状态，此外，还可以表示程度，意为“非常”，例如：The patient’s room is full of flowers.那个病人的房间摆满了花。The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。
这两种结构还可以相互改写，例如：
I fill the box with food.＝The box is full of food.
3. be good/bad for有利于/有害于……
此句型是：be＋adj.+for+n.结构。例如：
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早**对你的健康有益。Always playing computer games is bad for your study.总玩电脑游戏对你的学习
4. be used to(doing) sth.习惯于后面必须跟动名词或者名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态，be可用 get,become来代替。
例如：He is used to living in the country.(He is used to the life in the country.)他习惯于乡村生活。
He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。注意：be used to do的意思是“被用来做”例如：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
5.both…and…两者都……用来连接两个并列成分，当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。
例如：Both he and his parents agree with the idea.不论他还是他父母都同意这一想法。
6.as…as和一样，中间必须用形容词或者副词原级。
例如：This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。否定结构：not as/so…as,“不如”，上面的两个句子可分别改为This classroom is not as/so as large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.他跑的不如汤姆快。
7. as soon as一就用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来时，
例如:I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。
8. can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不住笑
9. sth. costs **. some money某物花费了某人多少钱
此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原形一样。
The book cost me five yuan.这本书花费了我五元钱。10.either…or…不是……就是……，或者……或者……
用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
Either she or I am right.=Either I or she is right.不是她对就是我对。11.enough（for **.）to do sth.足够……做……
在此结构中，for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面可以走的程度。
12.feel like doing sth.想要做某事
此处 like为介词，后面跟动词-ing形式，此句型与 would like to do sth.同义。例如：
I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶。13.feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth.认为某事……
在此结构中 it为形式宾语，不定式短语做真正的宾语。例如：
I find it very interesting to play football.我认为踢足球很有趣。14.get ready for sth./to do sth.“为某事做准备”“准备做某事”
They are getting ready for the meeting.他们正在为会议做准备。
We were getting ready to have a sports meeting at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。
15.get/receive a letter from收到……的来信相当于 hear from例如：
Did you receive a letter from John?你收到约翰的来信了么？
I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。16.had better(not) do sth.（别）做某事
had better为情态动词，其后需要动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成’d better,
其否定形式是在其后直接加 not。例如：
We had better go now.=We’d better go now.我们现在走吧。
You’d better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风，你别出去了。17.have sth. done使（某事）完成（动作由别人完成）
We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
18. help **.(to)do sth./with sth.帮助某事(做)某事（to可以省略）例如：
I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。
Would you please help me(to)look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好么？
19. How do you like…?=What do you think of…?你认为怎么样？
How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样？
20. I don’t think/believe/that…我认为/相信……不……其中 not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定（否定前移）。例如：
I don’t think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。
I don’t believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。
21. It happens that…碰巧……相当于 happen to do例如：
It happened that I heard their seceret.=I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。
22. It’s/has been+一段时间+since从句“自从某时起做某事已经一段时间了”该句型中 since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:
It’s twenty years since he came here.他来这儿已经 20年了。
It has been six years since he maried Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。23.It is+adj./n.+for **. to do sth.做某事对某人来说……
it是形式主语真正的主语是不定式 to do sth.例如：
It’s not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。24.It is+adj./n.+of **. to do sth.“做某事某人真”
it是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语，当表语（即形容词）能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词 of而不用 for，表示某人具有某种性格、品质，例如：
It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25.It seems/appears(to **.)that…(在某人看来)好像……
此句中 it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：
It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。
26. It is+数词+meters/kilometers long/wide…“是多少米（公里）长（宽）”
用来表示物体的长（宽、高），如数词大于一，名词要用复数，例如：
It is 20meters long from this end to that end.从这端到那端有 20米长。
27. It’s time for **. to do sth.是某人干某事的时候了It是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语，例如： It’s time for the child to go to bed.孩子该睡觉了。
28. It takes **. some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人多长时间it是形式主语，to do sth.真正的主语例如：
It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。
29. keep（on）doing sth.一直坚持做某事
keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词，keep on doing sth.“继续不停做某事”一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：
Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。
30. keep…from doing sth.阻止做某事
相当于stop…from doing sth. prevent from doing sth.在主动句中，stop和prevent
后面的 from可以省略，但在被动结构中 from不可以省略。例如：
Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。
河南专升本的英语的语法重点
考试重点：一般现在时（if从句和as soon as从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have（has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。
1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。
例：He goes to work every day.他每天去上班。
2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。
例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。
3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。
例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。
4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。
（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.
A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing（**：B）
（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.
A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated（**：C）
1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year等。
例：You've already missed too many classes this term.You _____ two classes just last week.
A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed
（**：A.有具体的时间状语要用过去时.
2、used to do sth：过去常常做…
例：I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）
1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。
例：He will come and help you.他会来帮助你的。
2、be going to+动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例：Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去听这个演讲吗？
3、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。
例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
4、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。
5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。
6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go,come, start, arrive， leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。
（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京。
（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight.外宾今晚到达济南。
四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。
例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.
1、表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。
例：The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。
2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。
例：I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个会议。
1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。
例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。
（1）I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.
A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played
（**：A。连接词when表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。）
（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.
A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking（**为B）
（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A. has slept B. were sleeping C.slept D. was sleeping（**为D）
3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。
例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。
1、表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, now, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。
（1）Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯已经关上了）
（2）I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。）
2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for引导的短语连用）。
（1）He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿已经三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）
（2）They’ve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续来往）
3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is+时间+since…..（过去时）
英语中有些动词不能延续，因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。
（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.
A. gone into B. joined in C. been in D. come into
（**：C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。）
（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai.我离开上海已经三年了。
（如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is+时间+since的句型代替，从句用过去时态。）
4、have（has）been to和have（has）gone to的区别
have（has）been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever连用。
have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。
（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地）
（2）He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。
1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。
例：About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.
A. invented B. had invented C. have invented D. had been invented（**：B）
2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。
例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on（**：A）
3、在含有before, after, as soon as等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。
例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。
4、过去完成时常用在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。
（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.
A. than B. when C. as D. while（**为A）
（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。
表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。
1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.
A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving（**：C）
2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A. shall finish B. must have finished C. have finished D. shall have finished（**：D）
表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。
例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A. was knocking B. am knocking C. knocking D. have been knocking（**：D）
。可能对你有一点用。在此还写上一个口语免费测试的网站： http://blog.tianya.cn/blogger/post_read.asp?BlogID=3634767&PostID=32290924
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